Phytostimulants in sustainable agriculture
نویسندگان
چکیده
The consistent use of synthetic fertilizers and chemicals in traditional agriculture has not only compromised the fragile agroecosystems but also adversely affected human, aquatic, terrestrial life. phytostimulants is an alternative eco-friendly approach that eliminates ecosystem disruption while maintaining agricultural productivity. Phytostimulants include living entities materials, such as microorganisms nanomaterials, which when applied to plants or rhizosphere, stimulate plant growth induce tolerance against biotic abiotic stresses. In this review, we focus on growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), beneficial fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (PGPF), actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, azolla, lichens, their potential benefits crop improvement, mitigation stresses either alone combination. PGPR, AMF, PGPF are microbes can release phytohormones, indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic (GA), cytokinins, promoting improving soil health, addition, they produce many secondary metabolites, antibiotics, antioxidant compounds help combat Their ability act phytostimulator a supplement inorganic considered promising practicing sustainable organic farming. Glomalin proteinaceous product, produced by involved aggregation elevation water holding capacity under stressed unstressed conditions. negative effects continuous cropping be mitigated AMF biofertilization. synergistic PGPR may more effective. mechanisms control exercised direct indirect suppress diseases viz. competing for space nutrients, mycoparasitism, antibiosis, mycovirus-mediated cross-protection, induced systemic resistance (ISR) have been discussed. emerging role cyanobacterial metabolites implication nanofertilizers highlighted agriculture.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in sustainable food systems
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2571-581X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.801788